Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury

What is Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury?

The Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) is a critical structure situated on the outer aspect of the knee, connecting the lateral parts of the tibia (shin bone) and femur (thigh bone). Its primary role is to provide stability to the knee joint by restricting excessive twisting and lateral movements, thus preventing potential injuries.

LCL tears can occur as either chronic or acute injuries, categorised into first, second, or third-degree tears based on their severity and the mechanism of injury.

A first-degree LCL tear typically develops due to chronic overuse or repetitive stress applied to the ligament over an extended period. This type of tear is characterised by mild to moderate pain localised to the outer aspect of the knee. Individuals with a first-degree tear may experience discomfort during certain activities but generally maintain reasonable knee stability.

In contrast, second and third-degree LCL tears result from acute traumatic events, particularly those involving an inward bending of the knee (inside-to-outside). This type of injury often leads to sharp, immediate pain and noticeable swelling over the outer aspect of the knee. In more severe cases, such as a third-degree tear, there may be significant instability in the knee joint, making weight-bearing activities challenging and painful.

Diagnosis of an LCL tear typically involves a comprehensive physical examination, evaluation of the injury mechanism, and imaging studies such as MRI scans to assess the extent and severity of the tear. Treatment strategies for LCL tears vary depending on the degree of injury:

– First-degree tears may respond well to conservative management, including rest, ice therapy, compression, elevation (RICE protocol), and physical therapy to strengthen the surrounding structures and promote healing.

– Second-degree tears may require a more prolonged recovery period and potentially bracing to support the knee during healing.

– Third-degree tears often necessitate surgical intervention, such as repair or reconstruction of the ligament, particularly if there is significant instability or associated injuries.

Regardless of the tear’s degree, early identification, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management are crucial in optimising outcomes and restoring knee function for individuals with LCL injuries. Rehabilitation programs and gradual return to activity under the guidance of healthcare professionals are vital components of the recovery process, helping to prevent recurrent injuries and promote long-term joint health.

Does this sound like a condition you are suffering from? We offer services that can aid in your recovery! Call (02) 9639 7337 or visit our website to book an appointment now!

Grawe B, Schroeder AJ, Kakazu R, Messer MS. Lateral collateral ligament injury about the knee: anatomy, evaluation, and management. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2018 Mar 15;26(6):e120-7.

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