Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury

What is Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury?

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a vital ligament within the knee joint, playing a significant role in preventing excessive forward and rotational instability of the tibia (shin bone) in relation to the femur (thigh bone). It is crucial for stabilising the knee during activities involving turning, pivoting, and planting the foot.

ACL tears can occur in either an acute or chronic manner, each presenting unique characteristics and challenges.

An acute ACL tear often occurs during sudden, forceful movements that involve over-extension or medial translation of the knee joint. This type of injury is frequently accompanied by a distinct “popping” sound at the time of injury, followed by immediate onset of sharp pain and noticeable swelling of the knee. Individuals with an acute ACL tear may also experience significant joint instability, making weight-bearing activities challenging and painful.

On the other hand, a chronic ACL tear typically develops following a past history of an acute ACL tear that healed slowly over time. This type of injury may present with persistent knee instability, occasional non-traumatic joint swelling, and a gradual decrease in pain compared to the acute phase.

The treatment protocol for ACL tears generally follows a three-phase approach:

1. Elimination Phase (Acute Phase): This initial phase focuses on reducing pain, swelling, and inflammation immediately following the injury. Cryotherapy techniques such as cold or heat packs are commonly utilized to alleviate symptoms and promote healing. In more complex cases or severe injuries, further diagnostic imaging such as MRI scans may be required to assess the extent of the damage. Surgical intervention may also be considered, especially for complete tears or cases involving significant instability.

2. Neuromuscular and Perturbation Training: The second phase involves neuromuscular training aimed at improving knee stability and proprioception. Perturbation training, which includes exercises that challenge balance and coordination, helps individuals regain control and confidence in their knee function.

3. Optimization of Muscular Strength: The final phase focuses on optimizing muscular strength, particularly targeting the muscles surrounding the injured ligament. Sport-specific exercises, often incorporating resistance and isometric training, are designed to enhance overall knee stability and function, allowing individuals to return to their desired level of activity safely.

Throughout the treatment process, rehabilitation programs are tailored to the individual’s specific needs, considering factors such as the severity of the injury, functional goals, and activity level. Close monitoring, regular follow-ups, and collaboration between healthcare professionals and rehabilitation specialists are crucial in ensuring a successful recovery and optimal outcomes for individuals recovering from ACL tears.

Here at Precision Health we offer services such as chiropractic care and rehabilitation which can aid in your recovery from Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears. Call (02) 9639 7337 or visit our website to book an appointment now!

Diermeier TA, Rothrauff BB, Engebretsen L, Lynch A, Svantesson E, Hamrin Senorski EA, et al. Treatment after ACL injury: Panther Symposium ACL Treatment Consensus Group. British journal of sports medicine. 2021;55(1):14–22.

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