Transient Synovitis

What is Transient Synovitis?

The synovium is a crucial layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of synovial joints. Its primary function is to produce synovial fluid, a thick, lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the cartilage surfaces of the joints, facilitating smooth and pain-free movement. This protective mechanism is essential for maintaining joint health and function.

Transient (or temporary), is an acute, non-specific inflammatory condition affecting the synovium. It is characterised by temporary inflammation of the synovial membrane. One common form of transient synovitis is transient synovitis of the hip, which frequently occurs in younger children, particularly those under the age of 10. This condition often is seen as sudden or gradual pain in the inguinal (groin) area, accompanied by discomfort during weight-bearing activities. Affected children may exhibit a characteristic posture of the leg in external (outward) rotation, abduction (away from the body’s midline), and flexion (bent forwards).

Despite its benign nature, transient synovitis of the hip requires careful evaluation to rule out more serious conditions, such as acute infectious processes, which may present with similar symptoms but require different management. The exact cause of transient synovitis remains unclear. However, it has been observed in association with a history of viral infections, rheumatoid arthritis, or Perthes disease.

Key Points:

• Synovium: Connective tissue lining synovial joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication.
• Transient Synovitis: Acute inflammation of the synovium, often affecting the hip in children under 10.
• Symptoms: Pain in the groin, difficulty with weight-bearing, and characteristic leg positioning.
• Diagnosis: Important to distinguish from serious conditions like infections.
• Associations: Linked with previous viral infections, rheumatoid arthritis, or Perthes disease.
• Understanding transient synovitis and its presentation is vital for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, ensuring the best outcomes for affected children.

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National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2018. Overview of Orthopedic Disorders. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459181/ [Accessed 6 August 2024].

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